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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanem | om karulane |
| 2SG: | karulanet | ot karulane |
| 3SG: | karulana | ok/ogeš karulane |
| 1PL: | karulanena | ona/ogə̑na karulane |
| 2PL: | karulaneda | oda/ogə̑da karulane |
| 3PL: | karulanat | ogə̑t karulane |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanə̑šə̑m | šə̑m karulane |
| 2SG: | karulanə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karulane |
| 3SG: | karulanə̑š | ə̑š karulane |
| 1PL: | karulanə̑šna | ə̑šna karulane |
| 2PL: | karulanə̑šda | ə̑šda karulane |
| 3PL: | karulanə̑št | ə̑št karulane |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanenam | karulanen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karulanenat | karulanen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karulanen | karulanen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karulanenna | karulanen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karulanenda | karulanen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karulanenə̑t | karulanen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanem ə̑l'e | om karulane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karulanet ə̑l'e | ot karulane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karulana ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karulane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karulanena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karulane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karulaneda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karulane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karulanat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karulane ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanem ulmaš | om karulane ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karulanet ulmaš | ot karulane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karulana ulmaš | ok/ogeš karulane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karulanena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karulane ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karulaneda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karulane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karulanat ulmaš | ogə̑t karulane ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanenam ə̑l'e | karulanen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karulanenat ə̑l'e | karulanen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karulanen ə̑l'e | karulanen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karulanenna ə̑l'e | karulanen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karulanenda ə̑l'e | karulanen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karulanen ə̑l'e | karulanen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanenam ulmaš | karulanen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karulanenat ulmaš | karulanen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karulanen ulmaš | karulanen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karulanenna ulmaš | karulanen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karulanenda ulmaš | karulanen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karulanen ulmaš | karulanen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karulane | it karulane |
| 3SG: | karulanə̑že | ə̑nže karulane |
| 1PL: | (karulanena) | (ona/ogə̑na karulane) |
| 2PL: | karulanə̑za | ida karulane |
| 3PL: | karulanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št karulane |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanə̑nem | ə̑nem karulane |
| 2SG: | karulanə̑net | ə̑net karulane |
| 3SG: | karulanə̑neže | ə̑než karulane |
| 1PL: | karulanə̑nena | ə̑nena karulane |
| 2PL: | karulanə̑neda | ə̑neda karulane |
| 3PL: | karulanə̑nešt | ə̑nešt karulane |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karulanə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karulane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karulanə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karulane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karulanə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karulane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karulanə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karulane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karulanə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karulane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karulanə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karulane ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karulanə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net karulane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karulanə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než karulane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karulanə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda karulane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karulanə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karulane ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karulanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karulanə̑man |
| Active participle: | karulanə̑še |
| Passive participle: | karulanə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karulanə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | karulanə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karulanen |
| Negative gerund: | karulanə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | karulanə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karulanə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karulanə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karulanə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | karulanə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||